Have you ever looked at someone’s feet and noticed that their arches seem to be missing, with the whole foot touching the ground? That’s what we commonly call flat feet, or in medical terms, ‘pes planus’.
While it might look unusual, not all flat feet are a cause for concern. In fact, in many cases, they are completely normal. As an orthopedic surgeon, I often get questions from parents worried about their child’s flat feet, or adults who suddenly notice their arches collapsing.
Let’s clear up the confusion and break down everything you need to know about flat feet.
What Are Flat Feet?
Normally, our feet have a slight curve or “arch” on the inside part of the foot. This arch acts as a natural shock absorber, helping us balance and walk smoothly. In people with flat feet, this arch is either very low or completely absent, making the entire sole touch the floor.
The Two Types of Flat Feet
To understand whether flat feet are an issue, we need to divide them into two categories: physiological (normal) and pathological (problematic).
| Feature | Physiological Flat Feet (Normal Variation) | Pathological Flat Feet (Problematic Cases) |
| Who Gets It | Very common in children under 6–7 years old. | Adults (sudden onset) or those with underlying conditions. |
| Why It Happens | Arches haven’t developed yet; soft tissues are growing. | Tendon problems, joint issues (arthritis), nerve disorders, or injuries. |
| Flexibility | Flexible: The arch appears when standing on tiptoes. | Rigid: The foot looks stiff and does not bend easily. |
| Symptoms | Pain-free, normal balance, and normal running. | Pain in feet/knees, tires easily, difficulty walking. |
| Treatment | None required; it is just how their body is built. | Medical evaluation (orthotics, physiotherapy, or surgery). |
When Should You See a Doctor?
While many people live their whole lives with flat feet without an issue, you should consult a doctor if you notice any of the following warning signs:
- You or your child experience pain in the feet, ankles, or legs.
- The foot seems stiff, rigid, and doesn’t bend naturally.
- One foot is flat, but the other has a normal arch.
- Your shoes wear out very unevenly.
- You walk awkwardly or start avoiding physical activity due to discomfort.
Final Thoughts
Flat feet are not always a problem. If there is no pain and no difficulty in movement, you can relax flexible flat feet are simply another variation of how human bodies are made.
However, if there is discomfort, do not ignore it. Healthy feet mean a healthier, more active life. And that is something worth standing up for flat feet or not!
Dr. Akshay T M
MBBS, M.S. (orthopaedic), Fellowship in Arthoscopy & Sports & Sports Medicine
Consultant – Orthopedics
