Fibroids, or uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus commonly seen in women of reproductive age. They vary in size and number and may grow inside the uterine wall, project into the uterine cavity, or protrude outward.

 Causes & Risk Factors

• Though the exact cause is unknown, fibroids are linked to:
• Hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone)
• Family history
• Obesity
• Early menstruation onset

 Common Symptoms

• Many women have no symptoms, but others may experience:
• Heavy/prolonged periods
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination or constipation
• Backache
• Infertility or miscarriage

 DIAGNOSIS

• Fibroids are detected via:
• Pelvic exam
• Ultrasound
• MRI
• Hysteroscopy/Sonohysterography (for cavity involvement)

 Treatment Options

Treatment depends on symptoms, size, and reproductive plans Asymptomatic fibroids/small fibroids may not require surgery.

• Medical Management

• 2.Hormonal Treatment
• Pain relievers
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

 Surgical

• Myomectomy – fibroid removal with uterus preservation
• Hysterectomy – uterus removal (definitive treatment)

 Fibroids and Pregnancy

Many women with fibroids have normal pregnancies. However, large or cavity-distorting fibroids may cause:

• Pain
• Miscarriage or preterm labor
• Malpresentation
• Placental issues

Regular antenatal monitoring is key to managing such pregnancies safely.

 Conclusion

Fibroids are common and manageable. With proper evaluation and individualized care, women can lead a normal life and achieve healthy pregnancies. If you’re experiencing symptoms, consult a gynecologist early for the best outcomes.

Dr. Rajani Vaidya

MBBS, M S OBG, Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery [FMAS] Diploma of Gynecological Robotics Surgery[AGRS] FALS [Robotic Surgery]

Consultant – Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology In charge, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Gynecologic Surgery.