Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, a small gland in men responsible for producing seminal fluid. While it can grow slowly and remain asymptomatic for years, early detection is key to successful treatment and improved survival rates.

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer:

1. Age – Risk increases significantly after age 50.
2. Family History – Having a father, brother, or close relative with prostate cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic Mutations – Mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 can elevate the risk.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Early prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, men may experience:

1. Urinary Problems – Difficulty urinating, frequent urination, weak stream, or blood in urine.
2. Pain – Persistent pain in the back, hips, or chest.
3. Erectile Dysfunction – Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection.

Note: These symptoms can overlap with benign conditions like BPH, making screening and medical evaluation essential.

How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of tests:

1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – A blood test measuring PSA levels, which may be elevated in prostate cancer.
2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – A physical exam to detect prostate abnormalities.
3. Biopsy – A tissue sample from the prostate to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer

Treatment depends on cancer stage, overall health, and patient preference. Common options include:

1. Active Surveillance – Monitoring low-risk cancer without immediate intervention.
2. Surgery (Prostatectomy) – Surgical removal of the prostate gland.
3. Radiation Therapy – Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
4. Hormone Therapy – Reducing testosterone levels to slow cancer growth.

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection of prostate cancer can significantly improve outcomes. Men over 50, those with a family history, or those with genetic risk factors should consider:

• Regular PSA testing
• Periodic digital rectal exams
• Prompt medical consultation if symptoms arise

Early intervention saves lives and can allow for less invasive treatments.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Difficulty urinating or blood in urine
• Persistent pain in the back, hips, or chest
• Erectile dysfunction or other unusual symptoms

Timely evaluation can lead to early diagnosis and better management.

Dr. V. Manjunath
MBBS, MS – General Surgery, MCh – Urology
Consultant – Urology and Andrology