Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but awareness, early detection, and preventive measures can significantly improve outcomes.

Let us understand the lung cancer briefly

Lung cancer originates in the cells lining the air passages in the lungs and is broadly classified into two main types:

· Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): The most common type (about 85% of cases), which tends to grow and spread more slowly.

· Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A less common but more aggressive type that spreads rapidly to other parts of the body.

Key Symptoms to Watch For

In its earliest, most treatable stages, lung cancer often has no symptoms. Symptoms usually appear in advanced stages and can be easily confused with other respiratory issues. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• A persistent cough that does not go away or worsens over time.
• Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm.
• Shortness of breath or wheezing.
• Chest pain that worsens with deep breaths, coughing, or laughing.
• Hoarseness or changes in voice.
• Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite.
• Ongoing fatigue or weakness.
• Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis, that keep coming back.

Major Risk Factors

While anyone can develop lung cancer, several factors significantly increase the risk:

• Smoking: The single most significant risk factor, responsible for approximately 85% of cases.
• Secondhand Smoke: Non-smokers exposed to others’ smoke still face a heightened risk.
• Exposure to Radon Gas: A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate in homes and is the second leading cause of lung cancer.
• Occupational Hazards: Exposure to carcinogens like asbestos, arsenic, chromium, and nickel in the Workplace
• Air Pollution: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in urban or industrial areas is a contributing risk factor.
• Family History: A genetic predisposition or family history of lung cancer can increase your susceptibility.

Prevention and Early Detection

You can take proactive steps to protect your lung health:

• Quit Smoking Now: The most effective way to reduce your risk. Quitting at any age helps your lung tissue begin to repair itself.
• Avoid Secondhand Smoke: Create smoke-free environments at home and work.
• Test Your Home for Radon: Ensure safe indoor air quality, especially in basements.
• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables and regular physical activity can support lung health and boost immunity.
• Consider Screening: If you are a high-risk individual (e.g., a current or former heavy smoker within a specific age range), discuss annual low-dose CT (LDCT) scans with your doctor. Early detection dramatically improves survival rates.

Dr Nataraj Naidu R

MS (General Surgery), DNB (Surgical Oncology), FMAS, FAIS, FICRS

Consultant – Surgical Oncologist and Robotic surgeon