Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the bladder, a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores urine. It’s the 10th most common cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in men than women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC): The most common type, accounting for about 90% of cases. It starts in the urothelial cells lining the bladder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Associated with chronic irritation or infection, this type is more common in areas with schistosomiasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Adenocarcinoma: A rare type, often linked to urachal remnants or glandular metaplasia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Small Cell Carcinoma: An aggressive and rare type, often presenting with widespread disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Smoking: The leading cause, responsible for about 50% of cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Chemical Exposure: Aromatic amines and other industrial chemicals increase risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Infections: Chronic urinary tract infections or schistosomiasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Family History: Increased risk with a first-degree relative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Age and Gender: More common in men over 55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Painless Hematuria: Blood in urine, visible or microscopic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Urinary Frequency and Urgency: Often mistaken for UTI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Dysuria: Painful urination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Pelvic Pain: Advanced disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Urine Tests: Cytology, FISH, or NMP22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Cystoscopy: Gold standard for diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Imaging: CT urogram or MRI for staging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Biopsy: Confirms diagnosis and type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Surgery: TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) or cystectomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Chemotherapy: Intravesical (BCG) or systemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Immunotherapy: Checkpoint inhibitors for advanced disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Radiation Therapy: For muscle-invasive or inoperable cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Depends on stage and grade at diagnosis. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate, while muscle-invasive disease has a poorer prognosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Quit Smoking: Reduces risk significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Avoid Chemical Exposure: Use protective gear and follow safety protocols.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Stay Hydrated: May help flush out carcinogens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bladder cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MBBS, MS \u2013 General Surgery, MCh \u2013 Urology <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Consultant – Urology and Andrology<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A Comprehensive Overview Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the bladder, a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores urine. It’s the 10th most common cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in men than women. Types of Bladder Cancer 1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC): The most common type, accounting for about […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-urology-and-andrology"],"yoast_head":"\n