Emergency medical practice based on the knowledge and skills required for the prevention, diagnosis and management of acute and urgent aspects of illness affecting adult population with a spectrum of undifferentiated physical and behavioural disorders. Our physicians are expertise in providing immediate recognition, evaluation , care, stabilization to adult patients in response to acute illness. A medical emergency is an acute iiness that poses an immediate risk to a person’s life on long term health. Medical care addresses acute emergency situations, and focuses on causes, initial assessment and management of acute emergency situations.The combination of acute disease, a frightened patient, worried relatives and an anxious practitioner may result in a situation that can compromise patient care. In an emergency situation the traditional medical model of presentation, history, examination, investigation, diagnosis and treatment is replaced by a pragmatic model where supportive care is started immediately after an initial assessment, and continued while a diagnosis is made and definitive therapy initiated. Supportive care for the patient also involves providing reassurance.
An emergency condition is one that can permanently impair or endanger your
life or life-threatening.
common conditions which require emergency medical care:
Stoke is a brain attack. It occurs when the blood flow to an area of brain
is cut off.when this happens,brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin
to die.
Common symptoms, such as loss of consciousness or confusion, sudden
numbness, weakness of a part of body, slurred speech, blurred or loss of
vision,dizziness, severe headache.
Symptoms of heart attack are severe chest pain radiate to left shoulder and arm, neck, back and upper abdomen. One can experience dizziness, sweating, clammy skin, heart burn, anxiety, palpitations, shortness of breath,dyspepsia.
Anaphylaxis is a severe,potentially life threatening allergic reaction. It
can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you are
allergic to,such as peanuts or bee stings. Common triggers include certain
foods, some medications, insect venom.
Signs and symptoms include:
An acute exacerbation of COPD or asthama refers to a flare-up or episode
where a person’s breathing becomes worse than normal.
Common triggers are infection within the lungs or the body, severe allergy
or from inhlating irritation substances from the environment, heavy air
pollution,weather changes,being under stress or feeling
Signs and symptoms of exacerbation are:
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one
person to another. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to
be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological,
environmental and behaviours factors. Noncommunicable diseases kill 41 million people each
year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. Each year, 15 million people die from a NCD
between the ages of 30 and 69 years; over 85% of these "premature" deaths occur in low- and
middle-income countries.
The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases -like heart attacks and stroke, cancers,
chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and
diabetes.
People of all age groups, regions and countries are affected by NCDs. Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs. People of unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. These are called metabolic risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease, the leading NCD in terms of premature deaths.
Risk factors could be modifiable or metabolic.
Obesity is a state of excess
adipose tissue mass. The most widely used method to gauge obesity is the
body mass index (BMI),which is equal to weight/height2 (in kg/m2).
Other approaches to quantifying obesity include anthropometry (skinfold
thickness), densitometry (underwaterweighing), computed tomography (CT) or
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrical impedance.
Normal BMI range from 19 to 26kg/m2. Women have more body fat than men. A
BMI of 30 is most commonly used as a threshold for obesity in both men and
women. The term overweight used to describe individuals with BMI between 25
and 30. Obesity is associated with an increase in mortality, with a 50–100%
increased risk of death from all causes compared to normal-weight
individuals, mostly due to cardiovascular causes. Obesity and overweight
together are the second leading cause of preventable death. Life expectancy
of a moderately obese individual could be shortened by 2–5 years.
Intraabdominal and abdominal
subcutaneous fat have more significance than subcutaneous fat in the
buttocks and lower extremities. This distinction made clinically by
determining waist-hip ratio of >0.9 in women and >1.0 for men being
abnormal. Obesity has major adverse effects on health.
Obesity affects particular organ systems :
The hormone by name insulin is not
secreted by the organ called pancreas, located behind the stomach; or the
target cells(muscle,liver,fat etc) are resistant to the action of available
insulin.
Normally our blood sugar level before eating is 70-100mg/dl and after
eating is less than 140mg/dl. DIABETES is said be there if fasting Blood
sugar is ≥ 126mg/dl and the post meal sugar is ≥ 200mg/dl.
Patients with diabetes may present with extreme thirst, frequent urination, extreme tiredness, significant weight loss, impaired healing of wounds, numbness, tingling sensation of the extremities, blurring of vision, etc.
High sugars damage the Blood
vessels and nerves hence all the parts of our body may be affected.
Major problems are:
Four simple steps are:
Detection, screening and treatment of NCDs, as well as palliative care, are key components of the response to NCDs
Infectious disease,also known as communicable disease or transmissible disease, are caused
by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases
can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Some are transmitted by
bites from insects or animals. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that
can cause disease when transmitted to humans. A short-term infection is an acute
infection.A long term infection is a chronic infection. Infectious diseases are sometimes
called contagious disease when they are easily transmited by contact with an ill-person or
their illness. It is very important to identify, to diagnose and to treat the infection to
prevent the transmission to other person.
Most common infectious diseases are : Dengue fever, Pneumonia/Influenza, Typhoid
fever, Acute gastro-enteritis, Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Tuberculosis is one of India’s major public health problems. According to WHO estimates,India has the world’s largest tuberculosis epidemic.
Signs and symptoms vary depending on the organism causing the infection,
but often include fever and fatigue. Mild infections may respond to rest
and home remedies, while some life-threatening infections may require
hospitalization.
General signs and symptoms common to a number of infectious diseases
include:
Fever ,diarrhea, fatigue, muscle aches, coughing
Seek medical attention if you:
An easy way to catch most infectious diseases is by coming in contact with a person or animal who has the infection.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that
most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.
TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung
TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air.
Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However,
all age groups are at risk. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing
countries.
People infected with TB bacteria have a 5–15% lifetime risk of falling ill
with TB. However, persons with compromised immune systems, such as people
living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have
a much higher risk of falling ill. Tobacco use greatly increases the risk
of TB disease and death. 7.9% of TB cases worldwide are attributable to
smoking.
TB commonly presents as a disease of thr lungs. However,the infection can
spread via blood from the lungs to all organs in the body. You can develop
TB in the pleura(the covering of the lungs),in the bones,the urinary tract
and sexual organs,the intestines and even in the skin.
Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times,
chest pain, weakness, lack of appetite, weight loss, fever and night
sweats. Symptoms varies according to the system which has affected.
You should contact doctor If
you have a perstistent cough with sputum for more than 3 weeks or
you see blood in your sputum or
unexplained weight loss or
unexplained night sweats
TB is a treatable and curable disease. Active, drug-susceptible TB disease
is treated with a standard 6-9 months course of 4 antimicrobial drugs that
are provided with information, supervision and support to the patient. The
vast majority of TB cases can be cured when medicines are provided and
taken properly.
It is possible to become resistant to the standard anti-TB when anti-TB
medicines are used inappropriately, poor quality drugs, and patients
stopping treatment prematurely, then the treatment regimen changes and
prolongs the duration of the treatment.
TB is reduced with better housing and less over-crowding.
The most important step is to find, isolate and treat all disease carriers
until they are no longer an infective risk to others. It is always
advisable not to get too close to people who are coughing; equally, people
with a cough should be aware of those around them and try not to cough or
spit near them.
Regular health-checks can identify the early signs of health issues. Our physician will
talk with you about your medical history,your family history of disease and your lifestyle,
including your weight, diet, physical activity and habits.
Regular health check-ups plays important role to check for current or emerging medical
problems and to assess your risk of future medical issues and to promote you to maintain a
healthy lifestyle.
Finding problems early, increases the chances for effective treatment. Many factors,such as
your age, health, family history and lifestyle choices, impact on how often you need
check-ups.
If you have risk factors or a chronic disease, you may need different tests or you may need
a test more often.
We have comprehensive health packages for diabetes, for heart, for men, for women and for
older people.
Early detection, diagnosis and treatment and regular monitoring of your health condition is
the key to prevent non-communicable diseases.
Department of internal medicine at Prakriya
Hospital
manage all aspects of adult patients' general health care. Our Department is dedicated
to
understanding and considering all your medical issues. This care is provided in a
clinical
environment supported by education and research that yields new medical advancements
and
treatments.
Prakriya’s internal medicine focuses on comprehensive care for people with undefined
symptoms,
who need help in diagnosing their illness, and preventive medical care. Our department
guide
your care if you need the help of a surgeon or other physicians from Prakriya’s
multidisciplinary team of specialized experts. Our clinic provides medical care in
collaboration with your local primary provider, so that everyone involved understands
the plan
for ongoing care, this is especially important in chronic medical illnesses such as
high blood
pressure, diabetes, heart disease.
The department is also actively engaged in promoting preventive health care among the
community
and corporate by participating in clinics and health talks.